This research examines the relationship between e-banking payments and e-fraud in Himachal Pradesh, focusing on the districts of Kangra, Mandi, and Shimla. The study, conducted between July and September 2023, utilises a cross-sectional design and a primary data collection method involving 357 respondents. The data is collected through self-administered questionnaire from 357 respondents. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, independent sample t-tests, ANOVA, and correlation techniques were employed for data analysis and scale purification. The findings indicate that demographic factors such as gender, occupation, and educational qualification do not significantly influence e-payments. Additionally, the research reveals a weak but significant relationship between e-payments and e-frauds, attributed to the state's high literacy rate, banking initiatives, and enhanced security measures. However, several limitations need to be considered when interpreting the results. Firstly, the selection of districts based solely on population statistics may introduce bias, as it overlooks districts with differing socio-economic characteristics. Secondly, the subjectivity in screening questionnaire responses and disparities in response rates between online and offline distribution methods may affect the reliability of the findings. Moreover, the study's limited inclusion of demographic variables suggests the need for incorporating additional factors to gain a more comprehensive understanding of e-payment adoption trends and potential disparities across socio-economic groups[1].

[1] USE OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN SUPREME COURT, (2025), https://www.pib.gov.in/PressReleseDetail.aspx?PRID=2148356.